Muhurta Chintamani Ch. 3: Saṅkrānti Prakaraṇam

Verse 1 — Sankranti Classification: Ghora-Dhvankshi-Laghu-Chara-Mishra-Tikshna-Rakshasi

घोराकसङ्क्रमणसुग्रीवरवौ हि शूद्रान्ध्वंषषोडशी विंशो लघुविधौ। चौरान् सहोदरयुता नृपतेस्त्रिषष्टिः मन्दाकिनी स्थिरगुरोः सुखदा च मन्दा

ghorākasaṅkramaṇa-sugrīvaravau hi śūdrān dhvaṃṣa-ṣoḍaśī viṃśo laghu-vidhau| caurān sahodarayutā nṛpates triṣaṣṭiḥ mandākinī sthiraguroḥ sukhadā ca mandā

Solar sankranti classes by star-weekday-karaṇa-hour: GHORĀ (Sunday+Ugra stars) destroys śūdras' faces; DHVAṄKṢĪ (16th-year cycle) slays thieves; LAGHU at the 20th year; CHARA with co-borns kills thieves of the king; TRIṢAṢṬI(Mandākinī) under fixed Jupiter is wealth-giving; MANDĀ too gives ease. Schools (Ratnamālā-Nārada-Kāśyapa) extend sets to brāhmaṇa-caṇḍāla strata; Sāyaṇa-sankrānti governs ONLY snāna-dāna-japa-homa merits, NIRAYANA governs vivaha-ādi shubha karma (Pulastya: chala-saṅkrānti snāna yields akṣaya-puṇya). [Joshi ed., print p.155-158, OCR-corrected]

Verse 2 — Day-Third Partition Fruits

उयङ्गो दिनस्य नृपतीन् प्रथमे निहन्ति सन्ध्ये द्विजानपि वैश्योत्तमंशके च शूद्रान्

uyaṃgo dinasya nṛpatīn prathame nihanti sandhye dvijān api vaiśyo 'ttamaṃśake ca śūdrān

DAY-PARTITION fruits of a Sun-saṅkrānti falling in daylight: FIRST third of dinamāna ⇒ strikes KINGS; middle third ⇒ DVIJAS(brāhmaṇas); last third ⇒ VAISHYAS; at SUNSET ⇒ ŚŪDRAS. Nārada-Kāśyapa parallel confirms. [Joshi ed., print p.158, OCR-corrected]

Verse 3 — Night-Prahara Partition Fruits & Ayana Origins

अस्ते निशाप्रहरकेषु पिशाचकादीन् नक्तंचरान् नटान् पशुपालकांश्च। सूर्योदये सकलसिद्धिजनं सौम्ययाम्यायनं मकरकर्कटयोनिरुक्तम्

aste niśāpraharakeṣu piśācakādīn naktancarān naṭān paśupālakāṃś ca| sūryodaye sakalasiddhijanaṃ saumya-yāmyāyanaṃ makarakarkaṭayonir uktam

NIGHT-PRAHARA fruits: saṅkrānti in night-prahara 1 ⇒ Piśācas-Bhūtas; 2 ⇒ Naktam-cara Rākṣasas; 3 ⇒ Naṭas(dancers); 4 ⇒ Paśupālas(Mābhīras); at SUNRISE ⇒ all Siddhas/Pākhaṇḍins struck. AYANA ORIGINS declared: Uttarāyaṇa begins MAKARA-saṅkrānti, Dakṣiṇāyana begins KARKATA-saṅkrānti. [Joshi ed., print p.158, OCR-corrected]

Verse 4 — Rain Omens at Sankranti by Sign

अजकन्याखरकिञ्जल्किनि सङ्क्रान्तौ यदि भवेदृष्टिम्। अतुलं क्षेमसुभिक्षं नृपसज्जनगोकुलक्षेमम्

ajakanyākhara-kiñjalkini saṅkrāntau yadi bhaved dṛṣṭim| atulaṃ kṣema-subhikṣaṃ nṛpa-sajjana-gokula-kṣemam

RAIN at sankranti: in Aries-Taurus-Virgo-Leo ⇒ unmatched welfare, plenty, king-and-good-folk prosperity, cattle-growth; in Gemini-Leo-Sagittarius-Aquarius ⇒ disease-growth, royal wars, rain-deficit calamities; in Taurus-Scorpio-Libra-Capricorn ⇒ great explosions, thief-troubles mixed with fire-rain hazards. [Joshi ed., print p.161-162, OCR-corrected]

Verse 5 — Shadashiti-Mukha, Vishnupada, Vishuva Names & Punya-Kala Window (Section-D)

घटुध्नुकन्यामीनेषु षडशीतिमुखाः शुभे। तुलाऽजौ विषुवं विष्णुपदं सिंहाङ्गोघटे। पुण्यकालः पूर्वापरे द्वात्रिंशद्घटिका स्मृताः

ghaṭu-dhnu-kan-yā-mīneṣu ṣaḍaśītimukhāḥ śubhe| tulā'jau viṣuvaṃ viṣṇupadaṃ siṃhāṅgo ghaṭe| puṇyakālaḥ pūrvāpare dvātriṃśad ghaṭikā smṛtāḥ

SANKRANTI NAMES: Saṅkranti into Dhanus-Mithuna-Kanya-Mīna = ṢAḌAŚĪTI-MUKHA; Libra+Aries = VIŚUVA(equinox); Simhādi-group = VIṢṆUPADA (fixed-star Aries reading concurs). KARA-table assigns thumb/fingers per name for snāna-dāna. PUNYA-KĀLA WINDOW (Section-D target): 32 ghaṭikā SYMMETRIC around the transit moment (derived via sun-vimśa-kalā 32 equivalence); if before midnight ⇒ previous day's latter half is punya; after midnight ⇒ next day's former half; night-sankranti keeps punya at night since dharma-shāstra bars nocturnal snāna-dāna save nimitta cases. [Joshi ed., print p.162-164, OCR-corrected]

Verse 8 — Nadi-Punya Windows by Sankranti Name

याम्यायने विष्णुपदे चाद्या सार्ध्यास्तुलाजयोः। षडशीत्यानने सौम्ये परा नाड्योऽतिपुण्यदाः

yāmyāyane viṣṇupade cādyā sārdhās tulājayoḥ| ṣaḍaśīty-anane saumye parā nāḍyo 'tipuṇyadāḥ

MERIT-NĀḌIKĀS by class: Dakṣiṇāyana(Karka) & Viṣṇupada(Vrishabha-Simha-Vrischika-Kumbha) ⇒ FIRST 16 nāḍis super-meritorious; Libra-Aries ⇒ MIDDLE 16 both sides (Dipikā splits 8-before+8-after; Brihaspati 5+5); Ṣaḍaśīti-mukha(Mithuna-Kanya-Dhanus-Mīna)+Saumya(Makara) ⇒ LATTER 16 only, first not. Snāna-dāna therein yields endless fruit; Agni-month excluded. [Joshi ed., print p.168, OCR-corrected]

Verse 6 — Snana-Dana Duty Fruits & Gauna-Kala Formalization

संक्रान्तिकालादुभयत्र नाडिकाः पुण्या षोडश षोडश। स्नानेन शरीरं नीरोग्यं श्राद्धेन पितृतृप्तये

saṅkrāntikālād ubhayatra nāḍikāḥ puṇyā ṣoḍaśa ṣoḍaśa| snānena śarīraṃ nīrogyaṃ śrāddhena pitṛtṛptaye

GAUṆA-KĀLA (coarse window) formalized as the saṅkrānti representative: SIXTEEN nāḍis BEFORE and sixteen AFTER the computed transit instant are merit-bearing — total 32 (Vasiṣṭha). Brahma-siddhānta reads 16½+16½ with 33 total; some ācāryas 8+8 — rejected by globe-derivation. Fruits: Sun grants wealth, snāna keeps the body disease-free, śrāddha pleases the pitṛs. [Joshi ed., print p.164-165, OCR-corrected]

Verse 7 — Karka-Makara Sandhya Exceptions (Apavada)

सन्ध्या त्रिनाडीप्रमितार्कोदितार्धास्तदध ऊर्ध्वमस्त्रम्। चन्द्रास्यसौम्ये अयने क्रमात्तस्थे पुण्यं परपूर्वदिने

sandhyā trināḍī-pramitārkodayārdhāstad adho 'rdhvam astram| candrāsya-saumye 'yane kramāt tatas te puṇyaṃ para-pūrvadine

SANDHYĀ EXCEPTION (apavāda): sandhyā spans THREE nāḍis — dawn below sun-disc-rise, dusk above disc-set (Varāha). If KARKA-saṅkrānti falls within MORNING sandhyā ⇒ SAME day is punya; if MAKARA falls after EVENING sandhyā ⇒ NEXT day is punya — overriding verse-6's blanket midnight rule (Vṛddha-Garga concurs even for sunset Makara). Regional custom: Gurjara community takes nocturnal Makara/Karka snāna-dāna at night itself; Dākṣiṇātya by day; Makara carries ~20 post-transit ghaṭikās of merit. [Joshi ed., print p.165-166, OCR-corrected]

Verse 9 — Chala-Sankranti: Ayanamsha-Derived Preliminary Transits

तथायनांशाः खरसंहताश्च स्पष्टार्कगत्या विहृता दिनाः। मेषादितः प्राक् चलसङ्क्रमाः स्युर्दाने ब्राह्मणेभ्यो बहुपुण्यदास्ते

tathāyanāṃśāḥ khara-saṃhatāś ca spaṣṭārkagatyā vihṛtā dināḥ| meṣāditaḥ prāk calasaṅkramāḥ syur dāne brāhmaṇebhyo bahu-puṇyadās te

CHALA-SAṄKRĀNTI (moving transits): ayanāṁśas multiplied by six(khara=6) and divided by Sun's true motion yield DAYS before each Mesha-ādi rāśi-transit — these chala-saṅkrāntis grant manifold merit for dāna to brāhmaṇas, japa-śrāddha-homa (Vasiṣṭhasiddhānta: 'susamskṛta-mṛgāṁśa saṅkrama = goat-udder-like rāśi-saṅkrānti'; Pulastya akṣaya-phala; Jābāli: Makara takes 20 POST-ghaṭīs, others per their own windows). Kepala/Kesava: planet-disc diameters ÷60 give true transit-interval nāḍis. [Joshi ed., print p.171-172, OCR-corrected]

Verse 14 — Sankranti Vahanas by Sign

सिंहव्याघ्रवराहराशभगजाः षड् वाहनं द्विषट् घोटकाः। इवाऽजो गौरिति चरणायुधदलं भवन्ति वाहानि रवेः सङ्क्रमे

siṃha-vyāghra-varāha-rāśabha-gajā ṣaḍ vāhanaṃ dvi-ṣaṭ ghoṭakāḥ| ivā 'jo gaur iti caraṇāyudha-dalaṃ bhavanto vāhāni raveḥ saṅkrame

SANKRANTI VAHANAS (mounts of the transiting Sun): Simha-Vyaghra-Varāha-Meṣa(?) pairs… six-fold elephant-class, twelve horse-class; foot-soldiers(charaṇa), weapons(āyudha), wings(dala) complete the royal-procession imagery determining saṅkrānti's mundane potency. [Joshi ed., print p.178, OCR-corrected]

Verse 15 — Sankranti Ayudha & Bhakshya Registers

खड्गो दण्डदण्डास्तोमरशक्तिकुन्तपाशः खड्वङ्गो बाणस्तथा। भक्ष्यं पयोदधि चित्रान्नगुडसर्पिराज्यं शर्करा

khaḍgo daṇḍa-dattās tomara-śakti-kunta-pāśaḥ khaḍvaṅo bāṇas tathā| bhakṣyaṃ payo-dadhi citrānna-guḍa-sarpir ājyaṃ śarkarā

SANKRANTI ĀYUDHAS: sword, staff-gift?, tomara-lance, śakti-spear, kunta-javelin, noose, khadvanga-club, arrow. BHAKṢYA-OFFERINGS: milk, curd, chitrānna(pilaf), jaggery, ghee, ājya, sugar-candy — the saṅkrānti offering-basket. [Joshi ed., print p.178-179, OCR-corrected]

Verse 16 — Sankranti Castes, Flowers & Dependent Beings

जातिर्देवतभूतसर्पविहगाः पशवो विप्रास्तथा। वेश्यकषत्रसङ्करभवाः पुष्पं च पुन्नागकं विल्वाकंदुर्वाम्बु

jātir devata-bhūta-sarpa-vihagāḥ paśavo viprās tathā| veśya-kṣatra-saṅkarabhavāḥ puṣpaṃ ca punnāgakaṃ bilva-kaṃ durvām bu

SANKRANTI JĀTI-entourage: deities, spirits, serpents, birds, beasts, brāhmaṇas, with veśyā-kṣatriya-mixed origins attending; FLOWERS: punnāga, bilva, durvā-water and the like constitute the saṅkrānti floral set. [Joshi ed., print p.179, OCR-corrected]

Verse 17 — Posture Effects & Vahana-Loss Summary

ये वस्त्रभोजनवाहनदारुणा लेपजातिपुष्पाणि तेषां क्षतिः। उपविष्टसुप्तोत्थितानां फलमशुभम्

ye vastra-bhojana-vāhana-dāruṇā lepa-jāti-puṣpāṇi teṣāṃ kṣatiḥ| upaviṣṭa-suptotthitānāṃ phalam aśubham

[per Awasthi Tika] On the Saṅkrānti of stars beginning with Vastrā (Rohini-class doctrine), loss afflicts clothes, food, vehicles, timber, unguents (lepa), living beings and flowers belonging to those governed by that star — hence such items are guarded and gifts of these are prescribed as Śānti on the day.

Verse 18 — Personal Fate by Sankranti-Dhishnya Counting

सङ्क्रान्तिधिष्ण्यादधरधिष्ण्यतस्त्रिषु स्वे भे निरूक्तं गमनं ततोऽङ्गभे। सुखं त्रिषु पीडनमङ्गभेऽशुभं त्रिष्वर्थहानिर्धनलाभः

saṅkrāntidhiṣṇyād adharadhiṣṇyas triṣu sve bhane nirukto gamano 'to 'ṅgabhe| sukhaṃ triṣu pīḍanam aṅgabhe 'śubhaṃ triṣv artha-hānir dhana-lābhaḥ

PERSONAL FATE WHEEL: count backward from the saṅkranti-dhiṣṇya star to one's own janma-nakshatra; landing in FIRST triad ⇒ journey/travel indicated; NEXT SIX ⇒ comfort; following triad ⇒ bodily affliction; next three ⇒ misfortune; then WEALTH-GAIN zones — chakra table appended. [Joshi ed., print p.182-183, OCR-corrected]

Verse 19 — Graha-Bala Activity Map (Raja-Darshan to Diksha)

नृपेक्षणं सर्वकृत्यं च सङ्करं शस्त्रविवाहगमनदीक्षणे रवेः। वीर्याड्यं ताराबलतः शुभो विर्द्धे शनौ दीक्षा

nṛpe-kṣaṇaṃ sarvakṛtyaṃ ca saṃkaraṃ śāstravivāha-gamana-dīkṣaṇe raveḥ| vīryāḍyaṃ tārābalataḥ śubho viṣṭau śanau dīkṣā

GRAHA-BALA ACTIVITY MAP: SUN strong ⇒ rāja-darśana on Sunday; MOON ⇒ all works; MARS ⇒ war on Tuesday; BUDHA ⇒ scripture-study; GURU ⇒ vivāha; SHUKRA ⇒ yātrā; ŚANI strong ⇒ Saturday dīkṣā(yāga-mantra-initiation). Tārā-bala qualifies auspiciousness; Shripati concurs; if the ideal planet is weak and a weaker one's day is used, success stays doubtful. [Joshi ed., print p.183-184, OCR-corrected]

Verse 20 — Adhika-Kshaya Masa Doctrine (Chapter Closer)

यस्मिन्मासे न सङ्क्रान्तिर्यदा त्याज्यः स उच्यते। क्षयमासोऽधिमासश्च पक्षभेदेन शान्तिकम्

yasmin māse na saṅkrāntir yadā tyājyaḥ sa ucyate| kṣayamāso 'dhimāsaś ca pakṣabhedena śāntikam

ADHIKA-KSHAYA doctrine closes the prakarana: a month WITHOUT a sankranti = ADHIMĀSA(sarpamāsa) — all karma barred (echoing mc-2-47's Guru-Shukra gate); a month with TWO sankrantis = KSHAYA-MĀSA — Siddhānta-śiromaṇi concurs ('sphuṭa adhimāsa… kṣayākhyaḥ kadācit'); kṣaya-māsa paksha-naming binds śrāddha to the correct half. COLOPHON: 'iti saṅkrāntiprakaraṇaṃ tṛtīyaṃ samāptam' — Chapter 3 closes at 20. [Joshi ed., print p.184-185, OCR-corrected]

Verse 12 — Karkata-Sankranti Weekday Viṣṭhopakas & Year Verdict

रविवारे विंशोपकः सोमवारे विंशतिः। मङ्गलाष्टौ बुधद्वादशा गुरौ षोडश शुक्रे अष्टौ शनौ पञ्च

ravivāre viṃśopakaḥ somavāre viṃśatiḥ| maṅgalāṣṭau budhadvādaśā gurau ṣoḍaśa śukre 'ṣṭau śanau pañca

KARKA-SANKRANTI viṣṭhopakas (deficit units) by weekday: Sunday-10 ⇒ ordinary year; Monday-20 ⇒ subhiksha(plenty); Tuesday-8 & Saturday-5 ⇒ very unfavorable year; Wednesday-12, Thursday-18, Friday-18 ⇒ plenty. [Joshi ed., print p.177, OCR-corrected]

Verse 13 — Karana-Posture Sankranti: Supta-Nivishta-Urdhva Grain Verdicts

स्थात्तैतिले नागचतुष्पदे रविः सुप्तो निविष्टरनघरादिपञ्चके। ऊर्ध्वं शकुनौ कौलवे नेष्टः समः षष्ठे ह्यनघे श्रेष्ठः

sthāt taitile nāga-catuṣpade raviḥ supto niviṣṭo 'nagharādipañcake| ūrdhvaṃ śakunau kaulave neṣṭaḥ samaḥ ṣaṣṭe hy anaghe śreṣṭhaḥ

SUN'S TRANSIT POSTURE by karaṇa of the moment: Taitila-Nāga-Catuṣpada-Kimstughna ⇒ SUPTA(asleep) ⇒ grains dear, inauspicious; Vāra-Vanija-Bhadrā-Balava ⇒ NIVIṢTA(seated) ⇒ neutral; Śakuni-Kaulava ⇒ ŪRDHVA(upright) ⇒ best — abundant cheap rains (Nārada). [Joshi ed., print p.177, OCR-corrected]

Muhurta Chintamani — Chapter 3: Saṅkrānti Prakaraṇam

Chapter audio (Sanskrit)